3 Elements Owned by the Museum of Modern Art

Coordinates: 40°45′41.8″N 73°58′39.four″Due west  /  xl.761611°N 73.977611°Westward  / 40.761611; -73.977611

Fine art museum in Manhattan, New York City

Museum of Modern Art

Established	November vii, 1929; 92 years ago  (1929-eleven-07)
Location	xi West 53rd Street Manhattan, New York City
Type	Art museum
Visitors	706,060 (2020)[1]
Director	Glenn D. Lowry
Public transit admission	Subway: Fifth Avenue/53rd Street (​ trains) Bus: M1, M2, M3, M4, M5, M7, M10, M20, M50, M104
Website	www.moma.org

The Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) is an art museum located in Midtown Manhattan, New York Urban center, on 53rd Street between 5th and Sixth Avenues.

It plays a major role in developing and collecting modern art, and is often identified as i of the largest and nigh influential museums of modern art in the earth.^[ii] MoMA'southward collection offers an overview of modernistic and contemporary art, including works of architecture and design, drawing, painting, sculpture, photography, prints, illustrated books and creative person's books, flick, and electronic media.^[3]

The MoMA Library includes approximately 300,000 books and exhibition catalogs, more than 1,000 periodical titles, and more 40,000 files of ephemera about individual artists and groups.^[4] The archives hold primary source fabric related to the history of modern and contemporary art.^[v]

It attracted 706,060 visitors in 2020, a drib of sixty-5 pct from 2019, due to the COVID-nineteen pandemic. It ranked xx-fifth on the listing of most visited art museums in the world in 2020.^[six]

History [edit]

Heckscher and other buildings (1929–1939) [edit]

The thought for the Museum of Modern Art was adult in 1929 primarily by Abby Aldrich Rockefeller (wife of John D. Rockefeller, Jr.) and two of her friends, Lillie P. Bliss and Mary Quinn Sullivan.^[7] They became known variously as "the Ladies" or "the adamantine ladies".^{[8] [9]} They rented small quarters for the new museum in the Heckscher Building at 730 Fifth Avenue in Manhattan,^[8] and it opened to the public on November 7, 1929, nine days after the Wall Street Crash.^[10] Abby Rockefeller had invited A. Conger Goodyear, the quondam president of the board of trustees of the Albright Art Gallery in Buffalo, New York, to become president of the new museum. Abby became treasurer. At the time, it was America's premier museum devoted exclusively to modern art, and the first of its kind in Manhattan to exhibit European modernism.^[eleven] One of Rockefeller's early recruits for the museum staff was the noted Japanese-American photographer Soichi Sunami (at that time all-time known for his portraits of modern dance pioneer Martha Graham), who served the museum as its official documentary photographer from 1930 until 1968.^{[12] [13]}

Goodyear enlisted Paul J. Sachs and Frank Crowninshield to bring together him as founding trustees. Sachs, the associate director and curator of prints and drawings at the Fogg Museum at Harvard University, was referred to in those days as a "collector of curators". Goodyear asked him to recommend a manager and Sachs suggested Alfred H. Barr, Jr., a promising young protégé. Under Barr'southward guidance, the museum'due south holdings quickly expanded from an initial gift of eight prints and ane cartoon. Its first successful loan exhibition was in November 1929, displaying paintings by Van Gogh, Gauguin, Cézanne, and Seurat.^[fourteen]

Outset housed in six rooms of galleries and offices on the twelfth floor of Manhattan'due south Heckscher Building,^[xv] on the corner of Fifth Avenue and 57th Street, the museum moved into three more temporary locations within the next ten years. Abby Rockefeller'due south husband, John D. Rockefeller, Jr., was adamantly opposed to the museum (as well as to modern art itself) and refused to release funds for the venture, which had to be obtained from other sources and resulted in the frequent shifts of location. All the same, he eventually donated the land for the electric current site of the museum, plus other gifts over time, and thus became in effect 1 of its greatest benefactors.^[16]

During that fourth dimension the museum initiated many more exhibitions of noted artists, such as the lone Vincent van Gogh exhibition on November 4, 1935. Containing an unprecedented sixty-six oils and l drawings from the Netherlands, too as poignant excerpts from the artist'due south letters, it was a major public success due to Barr's arrangement of the exhibit, and became "a precursor to the hold van Gogh has to this day on the contemporary imagination".^[17]

53rd Street (1939–present) [edit]

1930s to 1950s [edit]

The museum as well gained international prominence with the hugely successful and at present famous Picasso retrospective of 1939–twoscore, held in conjunction with the Art Institute of Chicago. In its range of presented works, it represented a significant reinterpretation of Picasso for hereafter art scholars and historians. This was wholly masterminded by Barr, a Picasso enthusiast, and the exhibition lionized Picasso every bit the greatest artist of the time, setting the model for all the museum'southward retrospectives that were to follow.^[18] Boy Leading a Horse was briefly contested over ownership with the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum.^[19] In 1941, MoMA hosted the footing-breaking exhibition, "Indian Art of the U.s.a." (curated by Frederic Huntington Douglas and Rene d'Harnoncourt), that inverse the way Native American arts were viewed by the public and exhibited in art museums.

The entrance to The Museum of Modern Fine art

When Abby Rockefeller's son Nelson was selected past the board of trustees to become its president, in 1939, at the age of xxx; he was a flamboyant leader and became the prime instigator and funding source of MoMA's publicity, acquisitions, and subsequent expansion into new headquarters on 53rd Street. His brother, David Rockefeller, likewise joined the museum's board of trustees, in 1948, and took over the presidency, when Nelson was elected Governor of New York, in 1958.

David later on employed the noted builder Philip Johnson to redesign the museum garden and name it in honor of his female parent, the Abby Aldrich Rockefeller Sculpture Garden. He and the Rockefeller family in general have retained a close clan with the museum throughout its history, with the Rockefeller Brothers Fund funding the institution since 1947. Both David Rockefeller, Jr. and Sharon Percy Rockefeller (wife of former senator Jay Rockefeller) sit down on the board of trustees.^{[ citation needed ]} After the Rockefeller Guest House at 242 East 52nd Street was completed in 1950, some MoMA functions were held in the business firm until 1964.^{[20] [21]}

In 1937, MoMA had shifted to offices and basement galleries in the Fourth dimension-Life Building in Rockefeller Center. Its permanent and current domicile, now renovated, designed in the International Style past the modernist architects Philip 50. Goodwin and Edward Durell Stone, opened to the public on May x, 1939, attended by an illustrious company of 6,000 people, and with an opening accost via radio from the White Firm by President Franklin D. Roosevelt.^[22]

1958 fire [edit]

On April fifteen, 1958, a fire on the second floor destroyed an 18-pes (five.5 1000) long Monet H2o Lilies painting (the current Monet Water Lilies was caused shortly after the burn as a replacement). The fire started when workmen installing air-conditioning were smoking nearly paint cans, sawdust, and a canvas dropcloth. I worker was killed in the fire and several firefighters were treated for smoke inhalation. Almost of the paintings on the flooring had been moved for the construction although large paintings including the Monet were left. Art work on the 3rd and 4th floors were evacuated to the Whitney Museum of American Fine art, which abutted it on the 54th Street side. Among the paintings that were moved was A Sun Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte, which had been on loan by the Fine art Institute of Chicago. Visitors and employees above the burn were evacuated to the roof and and so jumped to the roof of an adjoining townhouse.^[23]

1960–1982 [edit]

In 1969, the MoMA was at the heart of a controversy over its decision to withdraw funding from the iconic anti-war poster And babies. In 1969, the Fine art Workers Coalition (AWC), a group of New York Metropolis artists who opposed the Vietnam War, in collaboration with Museum of Modern Art members Arthur Drexler and Elizabeth Shaw, created an iconic protest affiche called And babies.^[24] The poster uses an image by photojournalist Ronald L. Haeberle and references the My Lai Massacre. The Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) had promised to fund and circulate the affiche, but later seeing the 2 past 3 foot affiche MoMA pulled financing for the projection at the last infinitesimal.^{[25] [26]} MoMA's Board of Trustees included Nelson Rockefeller and William S. Paley (head of CBS), who reportedly "hit the ceiling" on seeing the proofs of the poster.^[25] The affiche was included presently thereafter in MoMA'due south Data exhibition of July 2 to September 20, 1970, curated by Kynaston McShine.^[27] Some other controversy involved Pablo Picasso's painting Male child Leading a Equus caballus (1905–06), donated to MoMA by William Southward. Paley in 1964. The status of the piece of work every bit being sold under duress by its High german Jewish owners in the 1930s was in dispute. The descendants of the original owners sued MoMA and the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, which has another Picasso painting, Le Moulin de la Galette (1900), one time endemic by the same family unit, for return of the works.^[28] Both museums reached a confidential settlement with the descendants before the example went to trial and retained their respective paintings.^{[nineteen] [29] [thirty]} Both museums had claimed from the start to be the proper owners of these paintings, and that the claims were illegitimate. In a joint statement the two museums wrote: "we settled merely to avoid the costs of prolonged litigation, and to ensure the public continues to take access to these important paintings."^[31]

1980–1999 [edit]

Stairs in the Museum of Modern Art

Cross-section of the Museum of Modern Art

In 1983, the Museum more than doubled its gallery and increased curatorial department by 30 percent, and added an auditorium, two restaurants and a bookstore in conjunction with the construction of the 56-story Museum Tower adjoining the museum.^[32]

In 1997, the museum undertook a major renovation and expansion designed by Japanese architect Yoshio Taniguchi with Kohn Pedersen Play a trick on. The project, including an increase in MoMA's endowment to cover operating expenses, cost $858 meg in full. The project well-nigh doubled the space for MoMA'due south exhibitions and programs and features 630,000 foursquare feet (59,000 mⁱⁱ) of space. The Peggy and David Rockefeller Building on the western portion of the site houses the chief exhibition galleries, and The Lewis B. and Dorothy Cullman Education and Research Edifice provides space for classrooms, auditoriums, teacher training workshops, and the museum'southward expanded Library and Athenaeum. These two buildings frame the Abby Aldrich Rockefeller Sculpture Garden, which was enlarged from its original configuration.

21st century [edit]

The museum was closed for two years in connection with the renovation and moved its public-facing operations to a temporary facility called MoMA QNS in Long Island Urban center, Queens. When MoMA reopened in 2004, the renovation was controversial. Some critics thought that Taniguchi'due south design was a fine example of contemporary architecture, while many others were displeased with aspects of the design, such as the flow of the infinite.^{[33] [34] [35]} In 2005, the museum sold land that it owned w of its existing building to Hines, a Texas real estate programmer, under an agreement that reserved space on the lower levels of the building Hines planned to construct there for a MoMA expansion.^[36]

In 2011, MoMA acquired an adjacent building constructed and occupied by the American Folk Art Museum on W 53rd Street. The edifice was a well-regarded construction designed past Tod Williams Billie Tsien Architects and was sold in connection with a financial restructuring of the Folk Art Museum.^[37] When MoMA announced that it would demolish the edifice in connection with its expansion, at that place was outcry and considerable discussion virtually the issue, but the museum ultimately proceeded with its original plans.^[38]

The Hines building, designed by Jean Nouvel and chosen 53W53, received construction approval in 2014.^[39] Around the fourth dimension of Hines' construction approval, MoMA unveiled its expansion plans, which cover infinite in 53W53, as well as structure on the former site of the American Folk Art Museum.^[40] The expansion plan was developed past the architecture house Diller Scofidio + Renfro in collaboration with Gensler. The start phase of construction began in 2014. In June 2017, patrons and the public were welcomed into MoMA to meet the completion of the first phase of the $450 one thousand thousand expansion to the museum.^[41]

Spread over three floors of the art mecca off Fifth Artery are 15,000 square-feet (nearly ane,400 square-meters) of reconfigured galleries, a new, second gift shop, a redesigned cafe and espresso bar and, facing the sculpture garden, two lounges graced with black marble quarried in France.^[41]

The museum expansion projection increased the publicly accessibly space past 25% compared to when the Tanaguchi building was completed in 2004.^[42] The expansion allowed for even more than of the museum'south collection of virtually 200,000 works to be displayed.^[41] The new spaces also let visitors to relish a relaxing sit-downwards in one of the two new lounges, or even have a fully catered meal.^[41] The two new lounges include "The Marlene Hess and James D. Zirin Lounge" and "The Daniel and Jane Och Lounge".^{[41] [43]} The goal of this renovation is to help expand the collection and brandish of piece of work past women, Latinos, blacks, Asians, and other marginalized communities.^[44] In connection with the renovation, MoMA shifted its approach to presenting its holdings, moving away from separating the drove past disciplines such equally painting, blueprint and works on paper toward an integrated chronological presentation that encompasses all areas of the drove.^[42]

The Museum of Modern Art closed for another circular of major renovations from June to October 2019.^{[44] [45]} Upon reopening on October 21, 2019, MoMA added 47,000 square feet (4,400 k^two) of gallery infinite,^[46] and its full floor area was 708,000 foursquare feet (65,800 mⁱⁱ).^[47] The expansion and refurbishment was overseen by the architectural firm of Diller Scofidio + Renfro.^[48] The institution began offer free online classes in April 2014.^[49]

Exhibition houses [edit]

The MoMA occasionally has sponsored and hosted temporary exhibition houses, which have reflected seminal ideas in architectural history.

• 1949: exhibition house past Marcel Breuer
• 1950: exhibition firm by Gregory Ain^[50]
• 1955: Japanese Exhibition House by Junzo Yoshimura, reinstalled in Philadelphia, PA in 1957–58 and known at present every bit Shofuso Japanese House and Garden
• 2008: Prefabricated houses planned^{[51] [52] [53]} by:
  • Kieran Timberlake Architects
  • Lawrence Sass
  • System Architects: Jeremy Edmiston and Douglas Gauthier
  • Leo Kaufmann Architects
  • Richard Horden

Artworks [edit]

Claude Monet, Reflections of Clouds on the Water-Lily Pond, c.1920

Considered past many to have the best collection of modern Western masterpieces in the globe, MoMA's holdings include more than 150,000 individual pieces in addition to approximately 22,000 films and 4 million moving-picture show stills. (Access to the drove of movie stills ended in 2002, and the collection is mothballed in a vault in Hamlin, Pennsylvania.^[54]) The collection houses such of import and familiar works as the following:

• Francis Bacon, Painting (1946)
• Umberto Boccioni, The City Rises
• Paul Cézanne, The Bather
• Marc Chagall, I and the Village
• Giorgio de Chirico, The Vocal of Beloved
• Salvador Dalí, The Persistence of Memory
• Max Ernst, Two Children Are Threatened by a Nightingale
• Paul Gauguin, Te aa no areois (The Seed of the Areoi)
• Albert Gleizes, Portrait of Igor Stravinsky, 1914
• Jasper Johns, Flag
• Frida Kahlo, Cocky-Portrait With Cropped Pilus
• Roy Lichtenstein, Drowning Girl
• René Magritte, The Empire of Lights
• René Magritte, Faux Mirror
• Kazimir Malevich, White on White 1918
• Henri Matisse, The Dance
• Jean Metzinger, Landscape, 1912–1914
• Piet Mondrian, Broadway Boogie-Woogie
• Claude Monet, Water Lilies triptych
• Barnett Newman, Broken Obelisk
• Barnett Newman, Vir Heroicus Sublimis (Human being, Heroic and Sublime)
• Pablo Picasso, Les Demoiselles d'Avignon
• Jackson Pollock, 1: Number 31, 1950
• Henri Rousseau, The Dream, 1910
• Henri Rousseau, The Sleeping Gypsy
• Vincent van Gogh, The Starry Night
• Andy Warhol, Campbell's Soup Cans
• Andrew Wyeth, Christina's Earth

Selected collection highlights [edit]

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

It also holds works by a wide range of influential European and American artists including Auguste Rodin, Henri Matisse, Pablo Picasso, Georges Braque, Joan Miró, Aristide Maillol, Piet Mondrian, Marcel Duchamp, Paul Klee, Fernand Léger, René Magritte, Henry Moore, Alberto Giacometti, Georgia O'Keeffe, Edward Hopper, Walker Evans, Dorothea Lange, Arshile Gorky, Hans Hofmann, Franz Kline, Willem de Kooning, Jackson Pollock, Marker Rothko, David Smith, Helen Frankenthaler, Morris Louis, Kenneth Noland, Robert Rauschenberg, Frank Stella, Andy Warhol, Roy Lichtenstein, and hundreds of others.

MoMA developed a globe-renowned art photography collection first nether Edward Steichen (1947–1961) and so under Steichen's manus-picked successor John Szarkowski (1962–1991), which included photos by Todd Webb.^[55] The section was founded past Beaumont Newhall in 1940.^[56] Nether Szarkowski, it focused on a more traditionally modernist approach to the medium, one that emphasized documentary images and orthodox darkroom techniques.

Film [edit]

In 1932, museum founder Alfred Barr stressed the importance of introducing "the only swell art form peculiar to the twentieth century" to "the American public which should capeesh good films and back up them". Museum Trustee and film producer John Hay Whitney became the kickoff chairman of the Museum's Film Library from 1935 to 1951. The drove Whitney assembled with the help of motion picture curator Iris Barry was and so successful that in 1937 the Academy of Move Pictures Arts and Sciences commended the Museum with an honor "for its significant work in collecting films ... and for the first time making available to the public the means of studying the historical and aesthetic development of the motion picture every bit i of the major arts".^[57]

The first curator and founder of the Moving-picture show Library was Iris Barry, a British motion-picture show critic and author, whose iii decades of pioneering work in collecting films and presenting them in coherent artistic and historical contexts gained recognition for the movie house equally the major new art course of our century. Barry and her successors take congenital a collection comprising some viii thousand titles today, concentrating on assembling an outstanding collection of the important works of international motion-picture show art, with accent being placed on obtaining the highest-quality materials.^[58]

The exiled film scholar Siegfried Kracauer worked at the MoMA film archive on a psychological history of High german film between 1941 and 1943. The result of his study, From Caligari to Hitler: A Psychological History of the German Film (1947), traces the birth of Nazism from the movie theater of the Weimar Republic and helped lay the foundation of modern film criticism.

Under the Museum of Modern Art Department of Movie, the film drove includes more than than 25,000 titles and ranks as one of the world'southward finest museum archives of international picture fine art. The department owns prints of many familiar feature-length movies, including Citizen Kane and Vertigo, but its holdings also contains many less-traditional pieces, including Andy Warhol's eight-hour Empire, Fred Halsted's gay pornographic L.A. Plays Itself (screened before a capacity audience on Apr 23, 1974), various TV commercials, and Chris Cunningham's music video for Björk'due south All Is Full of Love.

Library [edit]

The MoMA library is located in Midtown Manhattan, with offsite storage in Long Island Urban center, Queens. The non-circulating collection documents modern and contemporary art including painting, sculpture, prints, photography, flick, performance, and compages from 1880–nowadays. The collection includes 300,000 books, ane,000 periodicals, and twoscore,000 files about artists and artistic groups. There are over 11,000 artist books in the collection.^[59] The libraries are open up by appointment to all researchers. The library's catalog is called "Dadabase".^[iv] Dadabase includes records for all of the cloth in the library, including books, artist books, exhibition catalogs, special collections materials, and electronic resources.^[iv] The Museum of Modern Art'southward collection of artist books includes works by Ed Ruscha, Marcel Broodthaers, Susan Bee, Carl Andre, and David Horvitz.^[60]

Additionally, the library has subscription electronic resource along with Dadabase. These include periodical databases (such as JSTOR and Art Full Text), auction results indexes (ArtFact and Artnet), the ARTstor image database, and WorldCat matrimony itemize.^[59]

Architecture and pattern [edit]

MoMA's Department of Compages and Design was founded in 1932^[61] every bit the first museum department in the world dedicated to the intersection of architecture and design.^[62] The section's first director was Philip Johnson who served as curator between 1932–34 and 1946–54.^[63] The adjacent departmental head was Arthur Drexler, who was curator from 1951 to 1956 and then served as head until 1986.^[64]

The collection consists of 28,000 works including architectural models, drawings and photographs.^[61] One of the highlights of the collection is the Mies van der Rohe Annal.^[62] It besides includes works from such legendary architects and designers as Frank Lloyd Wright,^{[65] [66] [67] [68]} Paul László, the Eameses, Betty Cooke, Isamu Noguchi, and George Nelson. The blueprint collection contains many industrial and manufactured pieces, ranging from a self-aligning brawl bearing to an unabridged Bell 47D1 helicopter. In 2012, the department caused a choice of 14 video games, the basis of an intended collection of 40 that is to range from Pac-Man (1980) to Minecraft (2011).^[69]

Direction [edit]

Omnipresence [edit]

MoMA attracted 706,060 visitors in 2020, a driblet of threescore-five per centum from 2019, due to the COVID-19 pandemic. It ranked twenty-fifth on the List of nearly visited art museums in the globe in 2020.^[vi]

MoMA has seen its average number of visitors rise from about ane.5 million a twelvemonth to 2.five million after its new granite and drinking glass renovation. In 2009, the museum reported 119,000 members and 2.8 million visitors over the previous financial twelvemonth. MoMA attracted its highest-ever number of visitors, 3.09 million, during its 2010 fiscal twelvemonth;^[lxx] however, attendance dropped eleven percent to 2.8 million in 2011.^[71] Omnipresence in 2016 was 2.8 one thousand thousand, downward from three.1 meg in 2015.^[72]

The museum was open every 24-hour interval since its founding in 1929, until 1975, when it closed one day a calendar week (originally Wednesdays) to reduce operating expenses. In 2012, information technology again opened every 24-hour interval, including Tuesday, the one mean solar day it has traditionally been airtight.^[73]

Admission [edit]

The Museum of Modern Art charges an admission fee of $25 per adult.^[74] Upon MoMA's reopening, its admission toll increased from $12 to $20, making it one of the virtually expensive museums in the urban center. Withal, it has free entry on Fridays after v:30pm, as function of the Uniqlo Gratuitous Friday Nights program. Many New York area college students also receive free access to the museum.^[75]

Finances [edit]

A individual non-profit organization, MoMA is the seventh-largest U.S. museum by budget;^[76] its annual revenue is about $145 million (none of which is profit). In 2011, the museum reported net assets (basically, a total of all the resources it has on its books, except the value of the art) of just over $1 billion.

Dissimilar most museums, the museum eschews regime funding, instead subsisting on a fragmented budget with a half-dozen unlike sources of income, none larger than a fifth.^[77] Before the economic crisis of late 2008, the MoMA's board of trustees decided to sell its equities in lodge to move into an all-greenbacks position. An $858 million capital entrada funded the 2002–04 expansion, with David Rockefeller donating $77 million in cash.^[76] In 2005, Rockefeller pledged an additional $100 million toward the museum's endowment.^[78] In 2011, Moody's Investors Service, a bond rating bureau, rated $57 million worth of new debt in 2010 with a positive outlook and echoed their Aa2 bail credit rating for the underlying establishment. The agency noted that MoMA has "superior fiscal flexibility with over $332 one thousand thousand of unrestricted financial resources", and has had solid attendance and record sales at its retail outlets around the city and online. Some of the challenges that Moody's noted were the reliance that the museum has on the tourist manufacture in New York for its operating revenue, and a big corporeality of debt. The museum at the time had a two.four debt-to-operating revenues ratio, but it was too noted that MoMA intended to retire $370 million worth of debt in the side by side few years. Standard & Poor's raised its long-term rating for the museum as it benefited from the fundraising of its trustees.^[79] Afterwards construction expenses for the new galleries are covered, the Mod estimates that some $65 one thousand thousand will go to its $650 meg endowment.

MoMA spent $32 million to acquire art for the fiscal yr ending in June 2012.^[80]

MoMA employed near 815 people in 2007.^[77] The museum's tax filings from the by few years suggest a shift among the highest paid employees from curatorial staff to direction.^[81] The museum'due south manager Glenn D. Lowry earned $1.6 meg in 2009^[82] and lives in a rent-free $half-dozen million apartment higher up the museum.^[83]

MoMA was forced to shut in March 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic in New York Metropolis.^[84] Citing the coronavirus shutdown, MoMA fired its art educators in April 2020.^[85] In May 2020, it was reported that MoMA would reduce its almanac upkeep from $180 to $135 one thousand thousand starting July one. Exhibition and publication funding was cutting by one-half, and staff reduced from around 960 to 800.^[84]

Key people [edit]

Officers and the lath of trustees [edit]

Currently, the lath of trustees includes 46 trustees and 15 life trustees. Even including the board's 14 "honorary" trustees, who practice not have voting rights and practice not play as straight a part in the museum, this amounts to an boilerplate individual contribution of more than than $7 million.^[81] The Founders Wall was created in 2004, when MoMA's expansion was completed, and features the names of actual founders in addition to those who gave meaning gifts; about a half-dozen names have been added since 2004. For example, Ileana Sonnabend's proper name was added in 2012, even though she was only fifteen when the museum was established in 1929.^[86]

Board of trustees [edit]

Board of trustees:

• Wallis Annenberg
• Sid R. Bass
• Lawrence B. Benenson
• Leon D. Black
• Clarissa Alcock Bronfman
• Patricia Phelps de Cisneros
• Edith Cooper
• Paula Crown
• David Dechman
• Anne Dias-Griffin
• Glenn Dubin
• John Elkann
• Laurence D. Fink
• Kathleen Fuld
• Howard Gardner
• Mimi Haas
• Alexandra A. Herzan
• Marlene Hess
• Jill Kraus
• Marie-Josée Kravis
• Ronald S. Lauder
• Thomas H. Lee
• Michael Lynne
• Khalil Gibran Muhammad
• Philip S. Niarchos
• James G. Niven
• Peter Norton
• Maja Oeri
• Michael Southward. Ovitz
• David Rockefeller Jr.
• Sharon Percy Rockefeller
• Richard E. Salomon
• Marcus Samuelsson
• Anna Marie Shapiro
• Anna Deavere Smith
• Jerry I. Speyer
• Ricardo Steinbruch
• Daniel Sundheim
• Alice Yard. Tisch
• Edgar Wachenheim 3
• Gary Winnick

Directors [edit]

• Alfred H. Barr, Jr. (1929–1943)
• No director (1943–1949; the job was handled by the chairman of the museum's coordination commission and the director of the Curatorial Department)^{[87] [88]}
• Rene d'Harnoncourt (1949–1968)
• Bates Lowry (1968–1969)
• John Brantley Hightower (1970–1972)
• Richard Oldenburg (1972–1995)
• Glenn D. Lowry (1995–present)

Master curators [edit]

• Philip Johnson, principal curator of architecture and design (1932–1934 and 1946–1954)
• Arthur Drexler, chief curator of architecture and pattern (1951–1956)
• Peter Galassi, chief curator of photography (1991–2011)^{[56] [89]}
• Cornelia Butler, main curator of drawings (2006–2013)
• Barry Bergdoll, chief curator of compages and design (2007–2013)
• Rajendra Roy, chief curator of motion-picture show (2007–present)
• Ann Temkin, chief curator of painting and sculpture (2008–present)^[90]
• Klaus Biesenbach, director of MoMA PS1 and chief curator at large (2009–2018)
• Sabine Breitwieser, principal curator of media and operation fine art (2010–2013)
• Christophe Cherix, chief curator of prints and illustrated books (2010–2013), drawings and prints (2013–present)
• Paola Antonelli, director of research and development and senior curator of architecture and design (2012–present)
• Quentin Bajac, main curator of photography (2012–2018)
• Stuart Comer, chief curator of media and performance art (2014–nowadays)
• Martino Stierli, primary curator of architecture and design (2015–present)

Controversy [edit]

Women Artists Visibility Event (West.A.V.E.) [edit]

On June fourteen, 1984 the Women Artists Visibility Event (W.A.Five.E.), a demonstration of 400 women artists, was held in front end of the newly renovated Museum of Modernistic Art to protestation the lack of female representation in its opening exhibition, "An International Survey of Contempo Painting and Sculpture". The exhibition featured 165 artists; only 14 of which those were women.^{[91] [92]}

Art repatriation problems [edit]

The MoMA has been involved in several claims initiated by families for artworks lost in the Holocaust which ended upwards in the collection of the Museum of Modern Fine art.^[93]

In 2009, the heirs of German artist George Grosz filed a lawsuit seeking restitution of iii works by Grosz, and the heirs of Paul von Mendelssohn-Bartholdy filed a lawsuit demanding the return of the painting by Pablo Picasso, entitled Boy Leading a Horse (1905–1906).^{[94] [95] [96]}

In some other case, subsequently a decade long court fight, in 2015 the MoMA returned a painting entitled Sand Hills by German artist Ernst Ludwig Kirchner to the Fischer family because it had been stolen by Nazis.^[97]

Strike MoMA [edit]

Strike MoMA is a 2021 movement to strike the museum targeting what its supporters have called the "toxic philanthropy" of the museum's leadership.^{[98] [99]}

See likewise [edit]

• Listing of museums and cultural institutions in New York City
• List of most-visited museums in the United States
• Dorothy Canning Miller
• Sam Hunter
• Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum
• Talk to Me (exhibition)
• The Family unit of Human exhibit (1955)
• WikiProject MoMA

References [edit]

Citations [edit]

1. ^ The Fine art Newspaper, List of nigh-visited museums in 2020, March 31, 2021
2. ^ Kleiner, Fred S.; Christin J. Mamiya (2005). "The Development of Modernist Art: The Early on 20th Century". Gardner's Art through the Ages: The Western Perspective. Thomson Wadsworth. p. 796. ISBN978-0-4950-0478-3. Archived from the original on May ten, 2016. The Museum of Modern Fine art in New York City is consistently identified every bit the establishment most responsible for developing modernist art ... the most influential museum of modern art in the world.
3. ^ Museum of Modern Art – New York Fine art World Archived February 23, 2009, at the Wayback Car
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Sources [edit]

• Allan, Kenneth R. "Understanding Information", in Conceptual Fine art: Theory, Myth, and Practice. Ed. Michael Corris. Cambridge: Cambridge University Printing, 2004. pp. 144–168.
• Barr, Alfred H; Sandler, Irving; Newman, Amy (January ane, 1986). Defining modernistic art: selected writings of Alfred H. Barr, Jr . New York: Abrams. ISBN0810907151.
• Bee, Harriet S. and Michelle Elligott. Art in Our Time. A Chronicle of the Museum of Mod Art, New York 2004, ISBN 0-87070-001-4.
• Fitzgerald, Michael C. Making Modernism: Picasso and the Creation of the Market for Twentieth-Century Art. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1995.
• Geiger, Stephan. The Art of Assemblage. The Museum of Modern Art, 1961. Die neue Realität der Kunst in den frühen sechziger Jahren, (Diss. University Bonn 2005), München 2008, ISBN 978-3-88960-098-1.
• Harr, John Ensor and Peter J. Johnson. The Rockefeller Century: Three Generations of America's Greatest Family unit. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1988.
• Kert, Bernice. Abby Aldrich Rockefeller: The Woman in the Family. New York: Random House, 1993.
• Lynes, Russell, Skillful Sometime Modern: An Intimate Portrait of the Museum of Modern Fine art, New York: Athenaeum, 1973.
• Reich, Cary. The Life of Nelson A. Rockefeller: Worlds to Conquer 1908–1958. New York: Doubleday, 1996.
• Rockefeller, David (2003). Memoirs. New York: Random House. ISBN978-0812969733.
• Schulze, Franz (June xv, 1996). Philip Johnson: Life and Work. Chicago: University Of Chicago Printing. ISBN978-0226740584.
• Staniszewski, Mary Anne (1998). The Power of Display. A History of Exhibition Installations at the Museum of Modern Art. MIT Printing. ISBN978-0262194020.
• Wilson, Kristina (2009). The Modernistic Eye: Stieglitz, MoMA, and the Art of the Exhibition, 1925–1934. New Haven: Yale University Printing. ISBN978-0300149166.
• Lowry, Glenn D. (2009). The Museum of Modern Art in this Century. Museum of Modern Art. ISBN978-0870707643.

External links [edit]

• Official website
• MoMA Exhibition History List (1929–Present)
• MoMA Audio
• MoMA'south YouTube Channel
• MoMA's complimentary online courses on Coursera
• MoMA Learning
• MoMA Magazine
• Jeffers, Wendy (November 2004). "Abby Aldrich Rockefeller Patron of the modernistic". Mag Antiques. 166 (55): 118. 14873617. Archived from the original on Feb 6, 2016. Retrieved January 28, 2016 – via EBSCOhost.
• " MoMA to Close, And then Open Doors to a More than Expansive View of Art" New York Times, 2019

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museum_of_Modern_Art

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